### Maths Class X Question Bank

Real Numbers
Polynomials
Arithmetic Progression
Triangles
Coordinate Geometry
Introduction to Trigonometry
Applications of Trigonometry
Circles
Construction
Areas related to Circles
Surface Area and Volumes
Statistics
Probability

# IMPORTANT TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND RESULTS

1. Two figures having the same shape but not neces-sarily the same size are called similar figures.

2. All the congruent figures are similar but the converse is not true.

3. Two polygons of the same number of sides are similar, if (i) their corresponding angles are equal and (ii) their corresponding sides are in the same ratio (i.e., proportion).

4. Two triangles are similar, if
(i) their corresponding angles are equal
(ii) their corresponding sides are in the same ratio (or proportion).

5. Basic Proportionality Theorem (B.P.T.) (Thales Theorem)

In a triangle, a line drawn parallel to one side, to intersect the other sides in distinct points, divides the two sides in the same ratio.

In , if then (i)

(ii) (iii)

6. Converse of Basic A Proportionality Theorem
If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel to the third side.

In , if , then .

7. If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then their corresponding sides are in the same ratio and hence the two triangles are similar (AAA similarity criterion).

8. If in two triangles, two angles of one triangle are respectively equal to the two angles of the other triangle, then the two triangles are similar (AA similarity criterion).

9. If in two triangles, corresponding sides are in the same ratio, then their corresponding angles are equal and hence the triangles are similar (SSS similarity criterion).

10. If one angle of a triangle is equal to the one angle of another triangle and the sides including these angles are in the same ratio (proportional), then the triangles are similar (SAS similarity criterion).

11. If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle of a right triangle to hypotenuse, then the triangles on both sides of the perpendicular are similar to the whole triangle and also to each other.

12. The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles are equal to the ratio of the squares of any two corresponding sides.

13. The areas of two similar triangles are in the ratio of the squares of the corresponding altitudes.

14. The areas of two similar triangles are in the ratio of the squares of the corresponding medians.

15. If the areas of two similar triangles are equal, then the triangles are congruent, i.e., equal and similar triangles are congruent.

16. The Pythagoras Theorem
In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. In figure, , so

17. Converse of the Pythagoras Theorem
In a triangle, if the square of one side is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides, then the angle opposite to the first side is a right angle.

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