### Maths Class X Question Bank

Real Numbers
Polynomials
Arithmetic Progression
Triangles
Coordinate Geometry
Introduction to Trigonometry
Applications of Trigonometry
Circles
Construction
Areas related to Circles
Surface Area and Volumes
Statistics
Probability

# Formula Sheet – Quadratic Equations – Class X

1. An equation of the form , where are real numbers and , is called a quadratic equation in .

2. A real number is called a root of the quadratic equation if . Any quadratic equation can have at most two roots.

3. The roots of a quadratic equation are called the zeros of the polynomial .

4. Solving a quadratic equation means finding its roots.

5. If can be factorised as then is equivalent to
Thus, or
i.e., or .

Here and are called the roots of the equation

6. To solve a quadratic equation by factorisation :
(a) Clear fractions and brackets, if necessary.
(b) Transfer all the terms to L.H.S. and combine like terms.
(c) Write the equation in the standard form, i.e., .
(d) Factorise the L.H.S
(e) Put each factor equal to zero and solve
(f) Check each value of substituting it in the given equation

7. The roots of a quadratic equation can also be found by using the method of completing the square

8. The roots of the quadratic equation and are given by (shridharacharya’s formula)
The expression is called the discriminant of the quadratic equation

9. The discriminant, usually denoted by D, decides the nature of roots of a quadratic equation
(i) If D > 0, the equation has real roots and roots are unequal, i.e., unequal–real roots.
If D is perfect square, the equation has unequal – rational roots.
(ii) If D = 0 the equation has real and equal roots and each root is
(iii) If D < 0, the equation has no real roots.

10. (i) If , then
(ii) , then
(iii) , then either or
(iv) then lies between and , i.e.,

11. Quadratic equations can be applied to solve word problems involving various situations. “To solve problems leading to quadratic equations, following steps may be used :
1. Represent the unknown quantity in the problem by a variable (letter).
2. Translate the problem into an equation involving this variable.
3. Solve the equation for the variable.
4. Check the result by satisfying the conditions of the original problem.
5. A root of the quadratic equation, which does not satisfy the conditions of the problem, must be rejected.

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