### Maths Class X Question Bank

Real Numbers
Polynomials
Arithmetic Progression
Triangles
Coordinate Geometry
Introduction to Trigonometry
Applications of Trigonometry
Circles
Construction
Areas related to Circles
Surface Area and Volumes
Statistics
Probability

# Formula Sheet – Introduction to Trigonometry – Class X

1. In trigonometry, we deal with relations between the sides and angles of a triangle.

2. Ratios of the sides of a right angled triangle with respect to its acute angles, are called trigonometric ratios of the angle.

3. For A, AC is the base, BC the perpendicular and AB is the hypotenuse.
For B, BC is the base, AC the perpendicular and AB is the hypotenuse.

4. Six trigonometrical ratios

(i) Sine . Sine is written as .

(ii) Co sine . Co sine is written as .

(iii) Tangent . Tangent is written as .

(iv) Co tangent . Co tangent is written as .

(v) Scant . Secant is written as .

(vi) Coscant . Co secant is written as cosec .

5. Relations between trigonometric ratios

(a) Reciprocal relations

(i) cosec or or

(ii) or or

(iii) or or

(b) Quotient relations

(i)

(ii)

6. sin A is a symbol which denotes the ratio . It does not mean the product of sin and i.e., sin A sin A. In fact sin separated from A has no meaning. Similar interpretations follow for other trigonometric ratios.

7. Table of values of various trigonometric ratios of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°.

Students may find easier to memorize the first row (values of sine ratio) as

8. Trigonometric ratios of complementary angles

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

9. Trigonometric Identities

(a) An equation involving trigonometric ratios of an angle (say) is said to be a trigonometric identity, if it is satisfied for all values of for which the given trigonometric ratios are defined.

(b) Some important trigonometric identities.

(i) or or

(ii) or or

(iii) or or

(c) The following steps should be kept in mind while proving trigonometric identities :

(i) Start with more complicated side of the identity and prove it equal to the other side.

(ii) If the identity contains sine, cosine and other trigonometric ratios, then express all the ratios in terms of sine and cosine.

(iii) If one side of an identity cannot be easily reduced to the other side value, then simplify both sides and prove them identically equal.

(iv) While proving identities, never transfer terms from one side to another.

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